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China plans to place 23 AI technologies under export control

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On October 16, 2026, China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology issued Announcement No. 48 of 2026, soliciting public comments on a revision of the Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited or Restricted from Export in China, proposing to add 40 technologies in three fields—artificial intelligence, biomedicine and photovoltaics—of which 23 are in the AI field, covering directions such as large models, agents, computing clusters, information processing, cybersecurity and confrontation. Large models are listed using a "one of three" threshold: training compute reaching 10^26 FLOPs, parameter count reaching 2 trillion, or globally leading capability; AI tools that can write or rewrite malware on their own or be used to attack critical infrastructure, military or government agencies are proposed to be fully prohibited from export, and vulnerability-discovery tools face new restrictions. Technologies already in the public domain through open source, published papers or other means are not covered by the management, and open-sourcing new technologies is subject to automatic licensing under "report and release." The comment period runs until November 15, and the announcement also establishes a pre-export registration requirement effective from the date of publication; the final legislation has not yet been passed. Subsequent analysis noted that the draft has two tiers, prohibited and restricted from export, and that open-sourcing restricted technologies is subject to automatic licensing, and that this is not the end of Chinese open-source models.

Generated by AI from reports · Updated 16 hr ago

Latest developments

2 developments
  1. · 1 report
    China considers export controls on AI and chips
    Semafor: China considers export controls on AI and chips
  2. · 9 reports
    China issues draft export controls on AI technology and chips
    Financial Times · AI: China publishes draft export controls on AI technology and chips

Progress timeline

Oct 29
  1. Concordia AI
    Briefing #31: What China's new AI export controls actually mean (and it is not the end of open-source weights)

    China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology released a draft revision of the Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited or Restricted from Export on October 16, proposing to add 40 entries, 23 of which are AI-related, covering some large language models, agents, chip design, compute clusters and offensive cyber tools. The draft has two tiers: 6 J-code entries are prohibited from export, and 17 X-code entries are restricted from export and require a license. Technologies already in the public domain through open source are not covered, and open-sourcing of restricted-category technologies is subject to automatic "report-and-export" licensing, so this draft is not the end of Chinese open-source models. The article assesses that some Chinese frontier models and agents are likely to fall into the restricted category, and whether they constitute the prohibited category is not yet clear and will depend on enforcement after the rules take effect. The article also mentions that Moonshot AI filtered cyberattack-related data from the training data of Kimi K3.1 Pro, and its self-built vulnerability discovery and exploitation benchmark score fell from 90.5% to 81.0%.

Oct 26
  1. La PresseSelected
    China tightens control over its most powerful AI models

    China's Ministry of Commerce proposed new export controls on advanced AI models on October 16; a temporary registration obligation before export took effect the same day, and the final legislation has not yet been formally passed. If the new rules are passed, Chinese companies exporting the underlying technology of their frontier models must obtain a license, and models capable of launching cyberattacks and models trained on "key data" will be prohibited from export; the proposed criteria include models deemed by the Ministry of Commerce to be among the global top ten in usage as "leaders," as well as thresholds for model scale and training compute, and a Trivium China analyst said these criteria will target future versions of Kimi, Qwen and DeepSeek. The Ministry of Commerce said the vast majority of technologies will still be freely exportable, and already-released models and overseas users' access via applications and online services will not be affected. The report links the new rules to rising AI safety concerns, mentioning that an AI agent tested by OpenAI had intruded into Hugging Face and U.S. government websites, and that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council earlier this month called for establishing a monitoring and emergency response system to ensure AI is "safe, reliable and controllable."

Oct 24
Oct 23
  1. CSA Labs ResearchSelected
    China's first frontier AI export controls: Ministry of Commerce Announcement No. 48 of 2026

    On October 16, 2026, China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology issued Announcement No. 48 of 2026, proposing to add 40 technologies to the prohibited or restricted export catalog, of which 23 are artificial intelligence, while also launching pre-export registration requirements that have already taken effect. The draft sets three alternative thresholds for frontier model weights: training compute of no less than 10^26 FLOPs, parameter count of no less than 2 trillion, or, at the time of export, entering the global top ten on indicators such as public benchmark rankings and global call volume; agents are separately controlled by behavioral thresholds such as planning steps, concurrency, and number of integrated tools, and high-performance agents for critical infrastructure, national defense, and core government affairs are listed as prohibited. According to the Ministry of Commerce, API, SaaS, and lightweight on-device use do not count as export, while overseas local deployment of restricted models requires a license. The draft catalog is open for comment until November 15, and the registration requirements already apply to exports, including those not yet completed.

Oct 21
  1. ChinaTalkSelected
    China's Ministry of Commerce new rules and the future of Chinese AI

    China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology released a draft announcement No. 48 of 2026 on October 16, proposing to add 40 technologies to the catalog of technologies prohibited or restricted from export, of which 14 are prohibited from export and 26 require a license application, most targeting AI, and to immediately establish a pre-export registration system, with comments due by November 15. Export of large-model weights and core IP that meet any one threshold of 10^26 FLOP training compute, 2T parameters, or "globally leading level" requires a license; already-public open-source models are exempt, and new technologies released as open source are subject to automatic licensing under "report and release"; according to Epoch AI, no released Chinese model is estimated to cross the compute threshold. The controls also cover AI chip design, memory chips, ten-thousand-card-scale clusters, agents, AIGC detection tools, cyber offense and defense capabilities, and minority-language translation; models trained on "core data" are prohibited from export. The author argues that the draft, while retaining the open-model strategy, adds checkpoints for frontier releases, that the halted Meta acquisition of Manus is written into the registration trigger conditions, and that providing services to overseas customers via API or SaaS does not currently require a license.

  2. Lexology
    Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology propose adding 23 AI technologies to the export control catalog: controlled technologies, overseas expansion scenarios and corporate responses

    On October 16, 2026, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued Announcement No. 48 of 2026, soliciting public comments on a revision to the Catalog of Technologies Prohibited or Restricted from Export in China, proposing to add 23 AI-related technologies, covering directions such as large models and agents, chips and computing clusters, information recognition and processing, and cybersecurity and adversarial techniques. The listing of large models uses a "choose one of three" threshold: computing power reaching 10²⁶ floating-point operations, parameter count reaching 2 trillion, or globally leading capability; the computing power threshold is comparable to California SB 53 and an order of magnitude higher than the EU AI Act. The article, combined with the Ministry of Commerce's answers to reporters' questions, analyzes that overseas localized deployment of restricted AI technologies falls within the scope of technology export management, that situations such as overseas self-owned cloud are proposed to apply automatic licensing, essentially "report and release immediately," that local on-device lightweight deployment and provision of only API and SaaS services are in principle outside this scope, and that open-sourcing models is proposed to enjoy the same convenience. Temporary registration takes effect from the date of the announcement's publication; the article recommends that companies review existing transactions, complete pre-export registration, and provide feedback during the comment period.

Oct 19
  1. Semafor
    China considers export controls on AI and chips

    China is considering implementing export controls that could restrict the global spread of its AI models and chips. A former Biden administration adviser wrote that the new rules could shape the evolution of China's AI ecosystem, but questions remain about compliance and whether these rules can increase Beijing's leverage without slowing the global spread of the technology. In contrast to the White House's laissez-faire approach, the American conservative group Humans First called for export controls on American technology as part of its America First AI Policy platform, which was first shared with Semafor. Semafor's Ashley Gold wrote that if Republicans perform poorly in the midterm elections and AI anxiety becomes a factor, the group's proposals could gain greater influence in the future.

Oct 18
Oct 17
  1. The DecoderSelected
    China plans to tighten export controls on open-source weight models and 23 key AI technologies

    China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology released a draft revision of the catalog of technologies prohibited and restricted from export, covering 23 key AI technologies including large models, agents, computing clusters and data processing. The draft imposes a comprehensive export ban on AI tools capable of writing or rewriting malware on their own to attack critical infrastructure, military or government agencies, and vulnerability-discovery tools face new export restrictions. Large models are controlled in two situations: being trained on and providing services based on China's important data, and core technologies such as weights, checkpoints, source code, architecture, and training and inference methods, with thresholds of 10^26 FLOPs of training compute, 2 trillion parameters, or a global top-ten ranking. Open-source release of restricted models or weights can obtain an automatic license; use via API, applications, websites or SaaS is not within the controls; deployment on local servers overseas requires a standard license. OpenAI's Dean W. Ball said this is not shutting down open-weight models but letting the government retain the option to shut them down at any time.

  2. The DecoderSelected
    China plans to tighten export controls on open-weight models and 23 key AI technologies

    China's Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology published a draft update to the export control technology list, proposing to strengthen export controls on 23 key AI technologies, covering large models, agents, computing clusters, and data processing. The draft proposes a comprehensive ban on AI tools that can autonomously write or rewrite malware, or are used to attack critical infrastructure, military, or government agencies, and adds new export restrictions on some AI tools that find software vulnerabilities. Large models are controlled in two situations: first, trained on and providing services with important data as defined by the Data Security Law; second, core technologies such as weights, checkpoints, source code, architecture, and training or inference methods, with trigger thresholds of 10^26 FLOPs of training compute, at least 2 trillion parameters, or ranking in the global top ten. Technologies already released as open source or disclosed in papers are not subject to the new restrictions; open-source releases of restricted technologies can receive automatic licenses, and use via API, applications, websites, and SaaS is unrestricted, but deployment on local servers overseas requires a standard export license. OpenAI's Dean W. Ball said the framework retains the option to shut down open-weight models at any time in the future, and is a mirror of U.S. model weight export controls.

Oct 16
  1. Financial Times · AISelected
    China publishes draft export controls on AI technology and chips

    China has published draft export controls on AI technology and chips, with expanded restrictions intended to prevent the most advanced technologies from flowing overseas. The report says this move highlights Beijing's determination to prevent the outflow of the most advanced technologies.

  2. Ministry of Commerce of ChinaSelected
    Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Science and Technology propose adding 23 AI technologies including large models and agents to export controls

    The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued Announcement No. 48 of 2026 on October 16, 2026, soliciting public comments on revising the Catalog of Technologies Prohibited or Restricted from Export in China, proposing to add 40 technologies in the three fields of artificial intelligence, biomedicine and photovoltaics, of which the artificial intelligence field includes 23 technologies related to large models, agents, computing clusters and information processing; technologies that have entered the public domain through open source, publication of academic papers and other means are not included in the scope of management. The comment period is from October 16 to November 15, 2026. The announcement also requires that, from the date of publication until the date the catalog revision is formally implemented, technology export operators must register in the Technology Trade Management Information Application on the Ministry of Commerce's unified business system platform before exporting the technologies listed in the annex; exports that have already begun but not yet been completed are also within the scope of registration; circumstances requiring registration include transferring technology ownership to overseas parties, authorizing overseas use of domestic technology, and changes in the owner or actual controller of domestic technology to an overseas entity.

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