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Study: large models show marked safety differences on eating disorder questions

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An arXiv study released on November 7, 2026 evaluated three open-weight large language models with 100 questions from an online anorexia community. The study found that without a user background profile, high-risk responses appeared about twice as often as with a profile; explicitly noting eating disorder vulnerability improved safety by 10–14 percentage points. Model safety varied markedly across models and harm dimensions, and responses also differed significantly by race, gender and BMI, with body type producing the largest difference. The authors argue these patterns are consistent with models relying on the stereotype that eating disorders mainly affect thin white women.

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Nov 7
  1. arXiv: Alignment, Deception & Oversight
    Safer for whom? A systematic investigation of AI safety in eating disorder interactions

    Researchers evaluated three open-weight large language models using 100 questions from online anorexia communities and found that high-risk responses appeared about twice as often without a user background profile as with one. The study scored responses using a seven-dimensional eating disorder harm taxonomy extended from clinical criteria and found that explicitly flagging eating disorder vulnerability improved safety by 10–14 percentage points. Model safety varied markedly across models and harm dimensions, and responses also differed significantly by race, gender, and BMI, with body size producing the largest differences. The authors argue that these patterns are consistent with models relying on the stereotype that eating disorders mainly affect thin white women.

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