Anthropic and OpenAI can limit the U.S. military from monitoring American citizens, but what about other countries?

The U.S. Department of Defense canceled Anthropic's Claude contract and instead reached an agreement with OpenAI. The trigger was Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei's refusal to allow Claude to be used for domestic surveillance or integration into lethal autonomous weapons; OpenAI subsequently clarified that its contract includes safeguards restricting surveillance of American citizens. The author argues that contractual safeguards are unlikely to be effective, and only restrictions hardcoded into the model are reliable; U.S. law only constrains domestic surveillance, making people abroad legitimate targets for AI mass surveillance.