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Attack surface / entry point：Web pages and interfaces Attack surface / entry point：Images, audio and video Layer：Application layer System component：Monitors System component：Vision Clear all

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DefensesarXiv 2610.11942Oct 8
LGWM: Verifying GUI agent screen transitions with action-conditioned world models
Proposes LGWM, using an action-conditioned world model to verify GUI agent screen transitions.
arXiv
2610.11942
Published
Oct 8
Layer
Application layer
Setting
Browser and computer use
Evaluated models
LGWM
- DefensesMonitoring and auditing
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentMonitors
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2610.09793Oct 7
用时序逻辑监控工具 Agent
提出 MFOTL 离线时序验证以监控工具 Agent 的危险动作链
arXiv
2610.09793
Published
Oct 7
Layer
Application layer
Setting
AI Agent
Attacker
Black-box
- DefensesMonitoring and auditing
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentMonitors
Abstract形式化验证可有效识别多步攻击，但其有效性高度依赖轨迹的可信历史记录。
这篇论文对工具调用大语言模型智能体的安全监控进行了形式化时序验证研究。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2610.09469Oct 7
Secure-CUA: Constraining the Impact of Untrusted Content in Computer-Use Agents
提出 Secure-CUA，用动作事务约束计算机使用智能体的不可信影响
arXiv
2610.09469
Published
Oct 7
Layer
Application layer
Setting
web agent
Evaluated models
Claude Opus 5, Gemini 3.8 Flash, GPT-5.6-Sol
- DefensesInstruction–data separation
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentVision
AbstractSecure-CUA 用每步事务约束不可信影响，良性 TSR 接近 Vanilla-CUA。
Secure-CUA 要限制图形界面里不可信内容对 CUA 决策和 GUI 执行的影响，同时保留合法任务所需的不可信信息。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2610.09240Oct 7
WebMirage hijacks visual web agents' browser operations with adversarial images
提出 WebMirage，用局部对抗图像劫持视觉网页 Agent 的浏览器操作
arXiv
2610.09240
Published
Oct 7
Layer
Application layer
Setting
web agent
Evaluated models
LLaVA-v1.5-13B, LLaVA-v1.6-34B, MiniCPM-o-8B and others6
- AttacksPrompt injection
- TechniqueGradient and representation optimization
- ComponentVision
Abstract论文提出了针对网络智能体的端到端视觉红队框架 WebMirage，揭示了从视觉定位到浏览器执行的安全脆弱性。
WebMirage 是一个面向视觉定位网络智能体的流水线感知端到端红队攻击框架。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2610.01871Oct 1
研究者提出 IMMRAG 攻击，可从多模态 RAG 数据存储中提取医学与文档图像
提出 imMRAG 攻击，从多模态 RAG 私有图像库提取内容
arXiv
2610.01871
Published
Oct 1
Layer
Application layer
Setting
LLM applications
Attacker
Black-box
Evaluated models
Lumina-mGPT, Gemini 2.5 Flash Image Preview, CLIP ViT-B/16 and others5
- AttacksExtraction and theft
- TechniqueCross-modal payloads
- ComponentRAG
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2610.01184Oct 1
ReCast：在固定媒体接口下保护多模态推理的隐私框架
提出 RECAST，本地改写图表与语音并做可逆数值映射以保护远程推理隐私
arXiv
2610.01184
Published
Oct 1
Layer
Application layer
Setting
LLM applications
- ComponentVision
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2610.06898Sep 29
DIBench：面向移动 GUI 智能体多候选选择决策完整性的安全基准
用 DIBench 评测移动 GUI 智能体被 UI 注入后的决策完整性
arXiv
2610.06898
Published
Sep 29
Layer
Application layer
Setting
Browser and computer use
Evaluated models
Qwen2.5-VL(32B), Qwen3-VL(32B), GUI-Owl(32B) and others7
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentVision
Abstract论文提出移动智能体决策完整性基准 DIBench，发现欺诈 UI 注入诱导目标选择并推高完成率，通用防御收益不稳定。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2609.35659Sep 29
Tracekit：面向自主编码 Agent 的防篡改意图-推理-动作审计系统
提出 Tracekit，审计编码 Agent 的意图、推理与动作并检测账本篡改
arXiv
2609.35659
Published
Sep 29
Layer
Application layer
Setting
coding agent
Evaluated models
Claude Code (claude -p, version 2.1), 独立评审（同一 CLI，无工具）
- DefensesMonitoring and auditing
- AttacksPrompt injection
- RiskDangerous agent actions
- ComponentMonitors
AbstractTracekit 把意图、自述和动作写入可锚定的哈希链。
Tracekit 是无第三方依赖的编码智能体审计层：把人类请求、模型自述和已执行动作并排写入可外部锚定的哈希链，执行前用正则门，事后用规则和独立模型互查。
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2609.35912Sep 28
MMSkillRisk：多模态技能图像中的隐藏指令可诱导 Agent 执行未授权操作
提出 MMSkillRisk 基准，评测多模态技能图像中的隐藏指令诱导 Agent 越权操作
arXiv
2609.35912
Published
Sep 28
Layer
Application layer
Setting
coding agent
Evaluated models
GPT-5.6-sol, Kimi-K2.6, Kimi-K3 and others6
- AttacksPrompt injection
- TechniqueCross-modal payloads
- ComponentMCP and skills
Abstract论文提出 MMSkillRisk 基准与 NCVA 攻击，揭示多模态技能中教学图像潜藏指令可引发未授权操作并与良性任务共存。
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2609.28915Sep 24
研究提出 ACE 语料库，评估内核级证据对 Agent 安全检测的有效性
构建 ACE 语料，评测内核级证据对 Agent 攻击检测的有效性
arXiv
2609.28915
Published
Sep 24
Layer
Application layer
Setting
coding agent
Evaluated models
AdaBoost, XGBoost, TabPFN and others10
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentMCP and skills
AbstractACE 用配对的内核与应用层证据表明，syscall 痕迹可判别智能体攻击，两层组合通常更好。
ACE 是一份把智能体会话的内核 syscall 痕迹与应用层清单、转录配对起来的检测语料和基准。。
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2609.09404Sep 9
MMPIBench：多模态提示注入对六种 Agent 框架的跨框架评测
用 MMPIBench 评测多模态提示注入对 Agent 框架的影响
arXiv
2609.09404
Published
Sep 9
Layer
Application layer
Setting
AI Agent
Evaluated models
Claude Opus 4.8, GPT-5.4, Gemini 3.1 Pro and others6
- AttacksPrompt injection
- TechniqueCross-modal payloads
- ComponentVision
Abstract论文提出 MMPIBench 评测多模态提示注入对智能体的影响，发现模型主导行为、尝试远超完成，音频通道缺乏防护。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2609.04533Sep 4
Repeat-After-Me：针对黑盒 VLM 的自适应视觉提示注入攻击
提出 Repeat-After-Me 自适应视觉提示注入，诱导 VLM 智能体执行指定任务
arXiv
2609.04533
Published
Sep 4
Layer
Application layer
Setting
AI Agent
Evaluated models
Claude-Opus-4.7, GPT-5.5, Gemini-3.1-Pro and others6
- AttacksPrompt injection
- TechniqueAutomated search
- ComponentVision
Abstract论文提出了针对黑盒 VLM 的前缀诱导自适应视觉提示注入，在多款模型上诱发了工具调用与隐私泄露。
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2609.05535Sep 2
Mind2Web-Injection：面向网页 Agent 视觉提示注入护栏的证据对齐评测
提出 Mind2Web-Injection 评测网页 Agent 视觉注入护栏
arXiv
2609.05535
Published
Sep 2
Layer
Application layer
Setting
LLM applications
Evaluated models
GPT-5.6-luna, Qwen3-VL-32B, Qwen3-VL-8B and others6
- DefensesDetection and filtering
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentGuardrails and judges
Abstract作者称检测、定位和反事实响应在六个 VLM 上可分开。
Mind2Web-Injection 用来检查网页截图护栏的判决是否对齐到该用的画面证据。。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2606.12716Jun 11
PaperGuard：针对多模态 AI 同行评审的攻击与防御基准
提出 PaperGuard，用图文注入与梯度扰动抬高自动审稿分数并检测恶意指令
arXiv
2606.12716
Published
Jun 11
Layer
Application layer
Setting
LLM applications
Evaluated models
Claude-sonnet-4.5, GPT-4o, GPT-4.1 and others11
- AttacksPrompt injection
- TechniqueCross-modal payloads
- ComponentVision
AbstractPaperGuard 测到提示注入与白盒视觉抬分，并比较分块检索防御。
PaperGuard同时评测并检测多模态 AI 审稿中的评分操纵。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2603.16960Mar 17
针对现代视觉语言模型的对抗攻击
对开源视觉购物智能体实施商品图对抗攻击并诱导买错
arXiv
2603.16960
Published
Mar 17
Layer
Application layer
Setting
web agent
Evaluated models
LLaVA-v1.5-7B, Qwen2.5-VL-7B
- AttacksPrompt injection
- TechniqueGradient and representation optimization
- ComponentVision
Abstract作者称 LLaVA 易被三种攻击诱导买错，Qwen 正确购买率仍接近其干净条件。
作者在自建电商环境里比较两个开源 VLM 购物智能体对图像对抗扰动的鲁棒性。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2603.14707Mar 16
Visual Confusion Agents: Exploiting and Defending Against Perception Failures in Computer-Use Agents
Proposes out-of-process dual-channel comparison classification to intercept erroneous clicks by computer-use agents
arXiv
2603.14707
Published
Mar 16
Layer
Application layer
Setting
Browser and computer use
Evaluated models
multi-modal-embed-small
- DefensesDetection and filtering
- AttacksPrompt injection
- RiskDangerous agent actions
- ComponentGuardrails and judges
AbstractPerception errors can be exploited by swapping screen pixels.
The authors frame CUA's perception failure as a security vulnerability, visual confused deputy: the agent authorizes click(x,y) based on a misread screen, and the actual landing point differs from the element it believes it is clicking.
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2602.20708Feb 24
ICON：基于推理时纠正的 Agent 间接提示注入防御
提出推理时防御 ICON，探测注意力过聚焦并转向以纠正 Agent 间接提示注入
arXiv
2602.20708
Published
Feb 24
Layer
Application layer
Setting
AI Agent
Evaluated models
Qwen-3-8B, Llama-3.1-8B, Mistral-8B and others6
- DefensesInference-time intervention
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentMonitors
AbstractICON 在推理时检测过聚焦并转向，以兼顾 IPI 安全与任务效用。
ICON 在推理时检测 IPI 的注意力过聚焦并转向，避免以拒答中止智能体轨迹。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2602.10915Feb 11
Blind Gods and Broken Screens: Building a Secure, Intent-Centric Mobile Agent Operating System
提出 Aura，用可信内核中介移动 Agent 的身份、感知与动作控制
arXiv
2602.10915
Published
Feb 11
Layer
Application layer
Setting
Browser and computer use
Evaluated models
Gemini-3-Flash
- DefensesInstruction–data separation
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentPermissions and sandboxing
AbstractAura mediates structured interactions via the Agent Kernel.
Aura uses kernel-mediated structured agent interaction, replacing screen-interface mobile assistants..
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2512.20168Dec 23, 2025
Odysseus 用双重隐写越狱 GPT-4o、Gemini-2.0 与 Grok-3
提出双重隐写越狱 Odysseus，用图像隐写绕过多模态系统安全过滤器
arXiv
2512.20168
Published
Dec 23, 2025
Layer
Application layer
Setting
AI Agent
Attacker
Black-box
Evaluated models
GPT-4o-2024-08-06, Gemini-2.0-pro, Gemini-2.0-flash and others4
- AttacksJailbreaks
- TechniqueEncoding and obfuscation
- ComponentGuardrails and judges
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2510.01354Oct 2, 2025
WAInjectBench 系统评测网页 Agent 的提示注入检测方法
提出 WAInjectBench 评测网页 Agent 的提示注入检测
arXiv
2510.01354
Published
Oct 2, 2025
Layer
Application layer
Setting
web agent
Evaluated models
GPT-4o, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1, Llama-Prompt-Guard-2-86M and others8
- DefensesDetection and filtering
- AttacksPrompt injection
- ComponentGuardrails and judges
AbstractWAInjectBench 比较网页智能体的提示注入检测：显式线索可被部分检出，隐蔽攻击大多漏检。
WAInjectBench 是网页智能体提示注入检测的基准。作者要看现有检测器能否发现这类攻击：攻击者改网页，使智能体执行目标动作，而不是用户任务。作者称这是首个此类综合基准。
Paper analysisRead analysis

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