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AttacksarXiv 2610.12644Oct 9
Cancerous backdoor attack: progressive activation via invisible tokens and a stage controller.
Proposes the Cancerous backdoor, which progressively corrupts reasoning using invisible stage tokens.
arXiv
2610.12644
Published
Oct 9
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueDormant triggers
- ComponentReasoning chains
AbstractHidden tokens plus a stage controller make the backdoor progressively corrupt reasoning upon triggering, and the authors believe that looking only at the answer will miss it.
Cancerous Backdoor Attack changes LLM backdoors from one-time activation to multi-stage reasoning corruption that accumulates progressively with triggers.
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2610.09941Oct 7
OrthoPurify 用一步正交投影净化被后门污染的视觉语言模型
提出 OrthoPurify，用正交投影清除视觉语言模型适配器中的劫持方向
arXiv
2610.09941
Published
Oct 7
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
LLaVA-1.5-7B, Qwen3-VL-8B, LLaVA-1.5-13B and others5
- DefensesModel hardening
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Abstract一次投影去掉劫持方向。
OrthoPurify 是部署前的 LVLM 后门净化方法，用一次正交投影去掉被劫持的权重更新方向。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2610.05793Oct 5
研究者训练出按多智能体拓扑触发的代码后门模型
提出拓扑条件后门，使代码模型在推断多智能体部署时植入漏洞
arXiv
2610.05793
Published
Oct 5
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
coding agent
Evaluated models
Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueDormant triggers
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Abstract论文证实了拓扑条件后门的可训练性与泛化性，展示了常规评测盲区，并提出差异化拓扑审计作为检测防御方向。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2610.00685Oct 1
研究者提出用零空间投影净化 LoRA 微调 LLM 的后门
用零空间投影净化 LoRA 微调模型后门并保留基座与下游能力
arXiv
2610.00685
Published
Oct 1
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
LLaMA2-7B-Chat, LLaMA2-13B-Chat, Qwen2-7B-Instruct and others6
- DefensesModel hardening
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2609.39548Sep 30
NDDL：用正常扩散动力学为文生图模型做后门防御
提出 NDDL，用良性扩散轨迹检测文生图后门提示并定位触发 token
arXiv
2609.39548
Published
Sep 30
Layer
Model layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Stable Diffusion v1.5, Stable Diffusion XL, Stable Diffusion v3.5 and others4
- DefensesMonitoring and auditing
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentImage generation
AbstractNDDL 从良性扩散轨迹学习正常转移，用动态不一致检测后门并定位触发 token。
NDDL 是面向文生图扩散模型的后门防御：防御者只有白盒模型访问和良性提示词，没有后门先验，需要区分后门提示词并找出触发 token。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2609.39047Sep 30
BadAction：通过动作引导触发器对交互式视频生成模型实施后门攻击
提出 BadAction，通过动作触发器给交互式视频生成植入后门
arXiv
2609.39047
Published
Sep 30
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Astra (Wan2.1-T2V-1.3B)
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueDormant triggers
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2609.38909Sep 30
Purdue 提出 Pact：将欺骗作为行为遗忘
提出 PACT，遗忘推理模型在压力下的欺骗行为并保留上下文理解
arXiv
2609.38909
Published
Sep 30
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Attacker
White-box
Evaluated models
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B, QwQ-32B
- DefensesModel hardening
- AttacksModel tampering
- RiskDeception and scheming
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Abstract论文将大模型欺骗形式化为上下文条件行为，提出 PACT 框架在消除欺骗的同时保留了上下文遵循能力。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2610.00348Sep 30
NEEDLE：通过权重正交化移除 LLM 后门
提出 NEEDLE，用权重正交化在已知触发器时去除大模型后门
arXiv
2610.00348
Published
Sep 30
Layer
Model layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Gemma-3-4B-IT, Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507, Gemma-3-12B-IT
- DefensesModel hardening
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
AbstractNEEDLE 用闭式权重编辑去掉已知触发器的后门，并保住拒绝子空间。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2609.37468Sep 26
论文提出针对 Agentic RAG 的检索器后门攻击与 DOU 隐藏方法
提出检索器后门攻击操纵智能体搜索，并用 DOU 逃避检测
arXiv
2609.37468
Published
Sep 26
Layer
Application layer
Setting
AI Agent
Evaluated models
E5, Contriever-MSMARCO
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueDormant triggers
- ComponentRAG
Abstract论文展示了通过恶意检索器操纵智能体多轮搜索并利用诱饵重塑表征隐蔽后门的可行性与系统风险。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2609.27422Sep 23
RAMP：逆转对抗扰动以增强针对恶意软件检测器的干净标签后门攻击
提出 RAMP，逆转对抗扰动加强恶意软件检测器的干净标签后门
arXiv
2609.27422
Published
Sep 23
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
MalConv, MalConvGCG
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueAutomated search
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
AbstractRAMP 用反转扰动做 clean-label 投毒。
RAMP 是 score-based black-box 下的 clean-label 后门增强，对象是会微调的 Windows PE 原始字节恶意软件检测器。
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2609.07147Sep 7
FDBA：联邦学习中的细粒度分布式后门攻击
提出联邦学习细粒度分布式后门框架 FDBA，用动态触发与对比嵌入降低投毒比例
arXiv
2609.07147
Published
Sep 7
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
ResNet-18
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueDormant triggers
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Paper analysisRead analysis
AttacksarXiv 2609.04260Sep 2
GhostWord：针对自动语音识别的细粒度后门攻击
提出 GhostWord 词级触发后门，对自动语音识别做数据投毒
arXiv
2609.04260
Published
Sep 2
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Whisper-Small, Whisper-Medium, MMS and others4
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- TechniqueDormant triggers
- ComponentAudio
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2609.01091Sep 1
上海交大等提出 trait-direction drift 机制与探针空间走廊正则，抑制蒸馏中的潜隐特质迁移
提出特征方向漂移机制与探针空间走廊正则，抑制蒸馏潜隐特质迁移
arXiv
2609.01091
Published
Sep 1
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Gemma-3-12B-IT
- DefensesModel hardening
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- RiskMisalignment and value divergence
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Abstract论文将潜意识学习归结为特征方向漂移的持续累积，并提出走廊正则化在微调中控制隐蔽特征转移。
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2608.02271Aug 3
Z-PEFT：基于规范谱特征的参数高效微调零样本后门检测
提出 Z-PEFT，用逐头谱特征零样本检测 PEFT 后门
arXiv
2608.02271
Published
Aug 3
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
Z-PEFT, Llama-2-7B, Llama-2-13B and others6
- DefensesDetection and filtering
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Paper analysisRead analysis
DefensesarXiv 2602.03085Feb 3
草堆里的触发词：提取并重建 LLM 后门触发词
提出推理扫描器，在仅有模型文件时检测后门并重构触发词
arXiv
2602.03085
Published
Feb 3
Layer
Model layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
gemma-3-270m-it, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B, Phi-4-mini-instruct and others8
- DefensesMonitoring and auditing
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
Abstract用记忆泄漏和内部信号重构触发词。
这是一个只做推理的 sleeper agent 扫描器：在不知触发词和目标行为时，检测因果语言模型里的条件后门并重构触发词。。问题在于，后门只在触发词出现时偏离基线，而开放仓库和网页投毒使检测方通常没有触发词、目标或激活语料。
Paper analysisRead analysis
Evaluation and benchmarksarXiv 2511.18921Nov 24, 2025
BackdoorVLM：面向视觉语言模型后门攻击与防御的基准
提出 BackdoorVLM 基准，评测视觉语言模型微调中的后门攻击与防御
arXiv
2511.18921
Published
Nov 24, 2025
Layer
Training and data layer
Setting
Models and APIs
Evaluated models
LLaVA-1.5-7B, Qwen2.5-VL-7B
- AttacksPoisoning and backdoors
- ComponentFine-tuning and open weights
AbstractBackdoorVLM 统一评测 VLM 后门与防御：含文本触发在低投毒率下更易激活，现有防御跨类型不稳定。
BackdoorVLM 是作者提出的 VLM 后门攻击与防御评测基准，作者称它是首个此类综合基准。
Paper analysisRead analysis

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